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Russia - DOING BUSINESS


Local business incentives


The current reorganisation of the legal environment does not facilitate the development of foreign investments in Russia. In spite of the opening of Russia to investments in 1987, investment flows is not very satisfactory. This handicap is closely linked to the political instability of the country. Besides, Russian aids to foreign investments remain low. The Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Russia can provide assistance regarding investment matters.


Legal forms of companies


Form Number of partners/shareholders Minimum and/or maximum capital Liability Registration fee Release of financial documents
Open Joint Stock Company (AO)   No minimum.   1,000 times the monthly minimum wage.   Liability is limited to the amount contributed.   Fees are relatively low.   Yes  
Close Joint Stock Company (AOZT)   Minimum 50.   1,000 times the monthly minimum wage.   Liability is limited to the amount contributed.   Fees are relatively low.   No  
Limited Liability Company (OOO)   No minimum.   RUR 34,000   Liability is limited to the amount contributed.   Fees are relatively low.   No  
Limited Partnership   No minimum.   10 times the monthly minimum wage.   At least one person has an unlimited liability and the other partners have a limited liability.   Fees are relatively low.   No  
General Partnership.   No minimum.   No minimum capital.   Liability is unlimited.   Fees are relatively low.   No  


Registration and licensing procedures


As for the current legislation, a company can carry on an activity in Russia with no legal registration. However, it is advised to register, at least, an representation office in order to benefit from the material advantages granted.



Foreign exchange control


The rouble is freely convertible for current international transactions. However, the Russian government can still restrict capital and profits repatriation.


Regulations concerning equity investment


A majority holding interest in the capital of a local company is legal in Russia.  


FDI inflows in Russia




FDI inflows (millions US$) 2000 2001 2002 World rank
Foreign Direct Investments (F.D.I.) 3461   7958   11672   14 / 196
Sources : UNCTAD Database FDI/TNC


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Last modified in December 2003
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